DEFINITIONS

We developed a listing of common and current terms to help our clients stay informed and up-to-date. Please click on a letter below to access that section of the list, or feel free to scroll down and browse through the entire listing.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Accuracy – The closeness of a measured value to a true value.

Acquisition – The acquiring by contract with appropriated funds for supplies or services (including construction) by and for the use of the Federal Government through purchase or lease, whether the supplies or services are already in existence or must be created, developed, demonstrated and evaluated. Acquisition begins at the point when agency needs are established and includes the description of requirements to satisfy agency needs, solicitation and selection of sources, award of contracts, contract financing, contract performance, contract administration and those technical and management functions directly related to the process of fulfilling agency needs by contract.

Acquisition Planning – The consideration of several environmental factors prior to acquisition. Factors to consider are: eliminating unnecessary virgin material requirements, specifying the use of recovered material instead; considering recyclability and product environmental preferability, reusing products if possible; preventing waste; and life-cycle costs including disposal costs.

Administrative Procedure – A procedure that describes the actions and responsibilities for performing activities that establish management and programmatic controls for the Site. An example of an Administrative Procedure would be the K-H APP Procedure.

Affirmative Procurement – Is an agency’s strategy for maximizing its purchase of recycled content products in accordance with Section 6002 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. The buy-recycled requirements apply to Federal agencies, state and local agencies using federal monies and their contractors.

Affirmative Procurement Coordinator – Is one that takes actions necessary to ensure all parties that purchase an EPA Designated Item shall comply with the requirements set forth by K-H. They collect and distribute relevant information pertaining to Affirmative Procurement to all levels of purchasing. AP Coordinators support the K-H APP by being a single point of contact in which information can be distributed to and from purchasing agents, CC holders, requisitioners or anyone else who “purchases” a commodity.

Agency – See definition of Executive Agency and Federal Agency.

Approved Vendor List – A listing of vendors, suppliers, manufacturers or (sub)contractors that have demonstrated the capability to provide items and services in accordance with established requirements.

Approving Official – 1.) The Approving Official is generally responsible for nominating potential cardholders within his or her purview and for administering the Purchase/Credit Card Program for those cardholders. 2.) An individual who has, under their purview, a number of cardholders. The Approving Official is responsible for, at a minimum, reconciling monthly each cardholder’s statements and verifying that all transactions were made for necessary purchases in accordance with Company policy. 3.) The Approving Official may also be the Credit Card Administrator.

Assessment – An all-inclusive term used to denote any of the following: audit, performance evaluation, management review, peer review, inspection or surveillance.

Award – A formal written notice issued by an authorized of the Company to the successful offeror.

Biobased Products – 1) A commercial or industrial product (other than food or feed) that utilizes biological products or renewable domestic agricultural (plant, animal and marine) or forestry products. 2) Items that are made from renewable agricultural, animal or forestry materials, such as vegetable based lubricants, biofuels, compost and construction materials.

Blanket Insulation – A relatively flat and flexible insulation in coherent sheet form, furnished in units of substantial area. Batt insulation is included in this term.

Board Insulation – A semi-rigid insulation preformed into rectangular units having a degree of suppleness, particularly related to their geometrical dimensions.

Building Insulation – A material primarily designed to resist heat flow, which is installed between the conditioned volume of a building and adjacent unconditioned volumes or the outside. This term includes but is not limited to insulation products such as blanket, board, spray-in-place, vermiculite, perlite and loose-fill that are used as ceiling, floor foundation and wall insulation.

Buyer – Anyone authorized to acquire materials (example: a procurement representative, a MR approving official, a credit card holder, etc.)

Cardholders- 1.) Shall review all potential acquisitions and transactions to determine whether the procurement can be accomplished through the use of the Credit Card Program. If the vendor/contractor accepts the purchase/credit card, the purchase shall be made in accordance with these procedures. (See K-H Credit Card Manual for more information.) 2.) the individual employee to whom a written delegation of authority has been given granting the use of a government credit card.

Cellulose Fiber Loose Fill – A basic material of recycled wood-based cellulosic fiber made from selected paper, paperboard stock, or ground wood stock. Excluding contaminated materials, which may reasonably be expected to be retained in the finished product, with suitable chemicals introduced to provide properties such as flame resistance, processing and handling characteristics. The basic cellulosic material may be processed into a form suitable for installation by pneumatic or pouring methods.

Certification – 1.) The act of determining, verifying and attesting in writing to the qualifications of recovered/recycled content within a product that is in accordance with specified requirements. 2.) Manufacturer’s documentation regarding the post-consumer/recycled-content percentages contained in their product. Such certifications follow federal guidelines. Certifications need to be requested by the Buyer (or at the time of contract solicitation) at the time of quote request and kept on file for auditing purposes.

Channelizers – Highly visible barrels or drums that can be positioned to direct traffic through detours.

Closed Loop Contracts – A contract designed with the requirement for vendors and manufacturers who are awarded a contract to pick up spent cores, tires or other products for recycling or remanufacturing; thus removing the liability of recycling or disposal from the contracting agency.

Compost Products – Mulch, soil amendments, ground cover or other landscaping material derived from the biological or mechanical conversion of cellulose containing waste materials.

Consolidated Latex Paint – Used for covering graffiti.

Contractor – 1.) Any person, group of persons, consultant, designing architect, association, partnership, corporation, or any other business entity that has a contract with K-H or its contractors (including suppliers) or serves in a subcontracting capacity with an entity having a contract with K-H for the provision of goods or services. 2.) Means Rocky Flats Environmental Technological Site, usually referred to as the “Company”, or duly authorized representatives thereof acting within the limits of their authority.

Cores – Are empty shells of a used product that can be rebuilt or remanufactured. Some examples include: toner and inkjet cartridges, copier cartridges, drums, developers, fuser units, ribbon reels, magnetic media and tape cassettes.

Cost Effective Procurement Preference Program – A program that favors, where price and other factors are equal, the procurement of products and services that are more environmentally sound or energy efficient than other competing products and services.

Delineator – A highly visible barrel or drum that can be positioned to direct traffic through detours.

Department of Energy (DOE) – Means the United States Department of Energy, the Secretary of Energy or any duly authorized representative of the Secretary.

Designated Item-an available EPA guideline item or category of items, made with recovered material, advancing the purpose of RCRA when purchased. Recycled or environmentally preferable products and materials designated by the Solid Waste Division of the EPA pursuant to this policy.

Document – Any written or pictorial information describing, defining, specifying, reporting, or certifying activities, requirements, procedures or results.

Energy-Efficient Products - Products that are in the upper 25% of energy efficiency for all similar products, or at least 10% more efficient than the minimum level that meets Federal standards.

Engine Lubricating Oils – Petroleum based oils used for reducing friction in engine parts.

Environmentally Sound or Preferable – A product or service that minimizes damage to the environment and is less harmful to the environment to use, maintain, and dispose of in comparison to a competing product or service. Also defines products or services that have a lesser or reduced effect on human health and the environment when compared to similar products or services that serve the same purpose. This comparison may consider raw materials acquisition, production, manufacturing, packaging, distribution, reuse, operation, maintenance or disposal of product or service.

Environmentally Preferable Purchasing: means considering attributes such as recycled content, toxicity, reusability, durability, and repair-ability before you buy a product.

EPA Designated Item – Means a product or category of products containing recovered materials that has been designated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the Comprehensive Procurement Guidelines (CPG).

Estimation – Written documentation of the best quantitative determination done by manufacturers of the total percentage of recovered material contained in products to be requisitioned. Estimations should be based on historical or actual percentages of recovered materials in products sold in substantial quantities to the general public or on other factual basis. EPA’s guidelines recommend that procuring agencies maintain records of these estimates for three years by product type, quantity purchased and price paid. (DOE’s APP 1996)

Executive Agency- Means an Executive department, and an independent establishment within the meaning of 5 U.S.C. 101, 102, 103(1), 104(1) and 105 respectively.

Exemption – A document that sets forth relief, waiver or temporary release to buy an item that does not contain recovered material only if the product doesn’t meet specifications, price or availability.

Federal Agency – Any department, agency or other instrumentality of the Federal government; any independent agency or establishment of the Federal government including any government corporation and the Government Printing Office.

Fiberglass Insulation – Insulation which is composed principally of glass fibers, with or without binders.

Flexible Delineators – Highly visible marker that can be positioned to direct traffic or define boundaries and that will flex if struck by a vehicle to prevent damage to the vehicle or the delineator.

Floor Tiles – Means heavy duty or commercial type of floor tiles that would be installed in entranceways in airports, stores, furniture showrooms, skating rinks and fitness centers. Specialty purposes would include involves limited flooring areas where grease, tar, snow, ice or where wet conditions are likely to be present; such as, kitchens, entranceways, that allows for drainage through a raised or open-webbed design.

Foam In Place Insulation – A rigid cellular foam produced by catalyzed chemical reactions that hardens at the site of the work. The term includes spray applied and injected applications such as spray in place foam and pour in place.

Garden Hose – A flexible tubing that conducts water to a specific location.

Gear Oils – Petroleum based oils used for lubricating machinery gears.

Hydraulic Fluids – Petroleum based hydraulic fluids.

Hydraulic Mulch – A mulch that is a cellulose based (paper or wood) protective covering that is mixed with water and applied through mechanical spraying in order to aid the germination of seeds and to prevent soil erosion.

Hydroseeding – The process of spraying seeds mixed with water through a mechanical sprayer (hydroseeder). Hydraulic mulch, fertilizer, a tacking agent or a wetting agent can also be added to the water/seed mix for enhanced performance.

Instructions – Directions found within a procedure with detailed step by step information. A type of document that provides direction to perform a simple task or activity.

Laminated Paperboard – A board made from one or more plies of Kraft paper bonded together, with or without facers, that is used for decorative, structural or insulating purposes. This includes building board, sheathing, shingle backer, sound deadening board, roof insulating board, insulating wallboard, acoustical and non-acoustical ceiling tiles and lay-in panels, floor underlayments, and roof overlay. (also see “Structural Fiberboard”)

Latex Paint – Water-based decorative or protective covering having a latex binder.

Lawn Edging – A barrier used between lawns and landscaped areas or garden beds to prevent grass roots or weeds from spreading to the landscaped areas.

Life-Cycle Analysis or Assessment – The comprehensive examination of a product’s environmental and economic effects throughout its lifetime including new material extraction, transportation, manufacturing, use and disposal.

Life-Cycle Cost – Means the amortized annual cost of a product, including capital costs, installation costs, operating costs, maintenance costs, and disposal costs discounted over the lifetime of the product.

Loose Fill Insulation – Insulation in a granular, nodular, fibrous, powdery, or similar form, designed to be installed by pouring, blowing or hand placement.

Major Procuring Agency – Shall include any executive agency that procures over $50 million dollars per year of goods and services.

Management – Refers to those who manage, direct, or supervise an activity. Normally, the term is used in phrases such as “management review” or “management approval” refers to the Buyer/SA immediate supervisor, but may, depending on the context, refer to higher levels.

Manual – A type of document that incorporates specific programmatic requirements needed to define and implement a specific program and to establish documentation of commitment and compliance with DOE directives, regulations, statures, codes and laws. Manuals contain all related requirements and supporting details necessary to implement the regulatory requirements and orders but do not contain step-by-step instructions.

Manufacturing Waste – Includes forest residues. (1) Also covers dry paper and paperboard waste generated after completion of the papermaking process (that is, those manufacturing operations up to and include the cutting and trimming of the paper machine reel in smaller rolls of rough sheets) including: Envelope cuttings, bindery trimmings and other paper and paperboard waste resulting from printing, cutting, forming and other converting operations. Such as bag, box and carton manufacturing wastes, butt rolls, mill wrappers and rejected and unused stock. (2) Finished paper and paperboard from obsolete inventories of paper and paperboard manufacturers, merchants wholesalers, dealers, printers, converters or others. (3) Fibrous by-products of harvesting, manufacturing, extractive, or wood cutting processes, flax, straw, linters, bagasse, slash and other forest residues. (4) Wastes generated by the conversion of goods made from fibrous material (that is, waste rope from cordage manufacture, textile mill waste and cuttings. (5) Fibers recovered from waste water which otherwise would enter the waste stream.

May – Permission is granted, rather than constituted as a requirement and is identified as “may”.

Method of Procurement – Means sealed bidding, contracting by negotiation, by Simplified Acquisition, by micro purchases or credit card methods.

Metrics – Measurements that are compared to a goal or plan to determine progress, success, or failure in achieving the goal or plan.

Mill Broke – Paper generated before the end of the paper manufacturing process which include: obsolete inventory, side trimmings, cull, end rolls, stub rolls, butt rolls, rejected or unused stock. Mill broke is specifically excluded from the definition of waste paper and does not count as part of recovered/recycled material.

Mineral Fiber Insulation – Rock wool or fiberglass insulation, which is composed, principally of fibers manufactured from rock, slag or glass with or without binders.

Minimum Content Standard: the minimum recovered material content specifications set to assure the recovered material content required is the maximum available without jeopardizing the intended item use or violating the limitations of the minimum content standards set forth by EPA's guidelines.

Model Facility – Is an organization or activity who has made an outstanding contribution to waste prevention, recycling and affirmative procurement through its leadership, investment in resources and change in culture.

OEM - Original Equipment Manufacturer

Offer – A response to a solicitation, firm offer, bid, quotation or a proposal.

Offeror – Any person or firm submitting an offer, bid, quotation, proposal (solicited or unsolicited), to obtain a subcontract.

Owner – The person, group, company, agency or corporation who has title to the K-H APP.

Pallet – A portable platform for storing or moving cargo or freight.

Paper – One of two broad subdivisions of paper products, the other being paperboard. Paper is generally lighter in basis weight, thinner, and more flexible than paperboard. Sheets 0.012 inch or less in thickness are generally classified as paper. Its primary uses are for printing, writing, wrapping and sanitary purposes. The term “paper” is also used as a generic term that includes both paper and paperboard. (See “Manufacturing Waste”)

Paper Product – Any item manufactured from paper or paperboard. The term paper product is used in this guideline to distinguish such items as boxes, doilies, and paper towels from printing and writing papers.

Parking Stop – A barrier used to mark parking spaces and keep parked vehicles from rolling beyond a designated parking area.

Performance Specification – A specification that states the desired operation or function of a product but does not specify the materials from which the product must be constructed.

Perlite Composite Board – Insulation board composed of expanded perlite and fibers formed into rigid, flat, rectangular units with a suitable sizing material incorporated in the product. It may have on one or both surfaces a facing or coating to prevent excessive hot bitumen strike-in during roofing installation.

Person – means an individual, trust, firm, joint stock company, corporation (including a government corporation), partnership, association, Federal agency, State, municipality, commission, political subdivision of a State, or any interstate body.

Phenolic Insulation – Insulation made with phenolic plastics; which are plastics based on resins made by the condensation of phenols, such as phenol or cresol, with aldehydes.

Pilot Project – Means a trial of waste prevention, recycling or affirmative procurement practice.

Plastic Fencing – A barrier with an open-weave pattern that can be used to control drifting snow or sand by restricting the force of wind and to provide a warning or barrier in construction and other areas.

Point of Contact – The person designated by management to receive all documents for review. This person may have signature authority for concurrence on documents affecting the reviewing organization. If the POC does not have the expertise to review the document, (s)he distributes the document to the appropriate person within the organization for review. When the POC obtains additional reviews within their organization, all the reviews will be tracked, conflicting comments resolved and one set of comments submitted to the writer.

Polyisocyanurate Insulation – Insulation produced principally by the polymerization of polymeric polyisocyanates, usually in the presence of polyhydroxyl compounds with the addition of cell stabilizers, blowing agents, and appropriate catalyst to produce a polyisocyanurate chemical structure.

Polystyrene Insulation – An organic foam composed principally of polymerized styrene resin processed to form a homogenous rigid mass of cells.

Polyurethane Insulation – Insulation composed principally of the catalyzed reaction product of polyisocyanates and polyhydroxyl compounds, processed usually with a blowing agent to form a rigid foam having a predominantly closed cell structure.

Post-Consumer Material/Waste – Is part of a broader category of recovered materials. Means a material or product that has served its intended use and has been discarded for disposal or recovery after passing through the hands of an end-user, having completed its life as a consumer item. Post-consumer waste is a part of a broader category of “recycled materials”. (40CFR247) Examples of post-consumer material include used paper, paperboard and fibrous wastes from retail stores, office buildings and homes.

Post-consumer Recovered Paper – Paper, paperboard and fibrous wastes from retail stores, office buildings, homes and so forth, after they have passed through their end-usage as a consumer item including: used corrugated boxes, newspapers, magazines, mixed waste paper, tabulating cards and used cordage. This includes all paper, paperboard and fibrous wastes that enter and are collected from municipal solid waste.

Practicable - Means sufficient in performance and available at reasonable prices. Capable of performing in accordance with applicable specifications, available at a reasonable price and within a reasonable period of time, and while a satisfactory level of competition with other products is being maintained.

Preclude – To shut out or exclude. To prevent the presence, existence or occurrence of. Make impossible, to hinder or constrain.

Precycle – The process of making an informed and environmentally sound purchasing decision that will reduce the amount and toxicity within a product or the amount of waste generated before its intended use.

Preference – When two products or services are equal in performance characteristics and price, agencies when making purchasing decisions, will favor the product that is more environmentally sound or energy efficient.

Price Preference – A percentage by which offered prices for recycled products are reduced for purposes of bid evaluation.

Printer Ribbons – A nylon fabric designed to hold ink and used in a dot matrix and other types of impact printers.

Procedure - 1.) See “Administrative Procedure”. 2.) Documentation that prescribes or describes work, and/or a documented set of steps or actions that systematically specifies or describes how an activity is to be performed.

Process – An orderly system or series of actions that achieves a desired end or result.

Procuring Agency – Means any Federal agency, or any State agency or agency of a political subdivision of a State which is using appropriated Federal funds for such procurement, or any person contracting with any such agency with respect to work performed under such contract.

Procurement/Acquisition – The acquisition of supplies and/or services including construction.

Procurement Department – 1.) The organizational element of the Company at Rocky Flats delegated authority to perform and manage subcontracting functions for the company. 1.) The organization responsible for the establishment of procurement requirements and for issuance, administration, or both, of procurement documents.

Procurement Documents – Documents which describe the procurement requirements, history and results. They include, but are not limited to: procedures, purchase requisitions, (sub)contracts, purchase orders, change orders, modifications, inspection/acceptance records, certifications, specifications, drawings, and scopes of work.

Procurement Guidelines – Regulations issued by EPA pursuant to section 6002 of RCRA which: (1) Identify items that are or can be produced with recovered materials and where procurement of such items will advance the objective of RCRA. (2) Provide recommended practices for the procurement of such items.

Procurement Item – Any device, good, substance, material, product, or other items, whether real or personal property, which is the subject of any purchase, barter, or other exchange made to procure such items.

Product – 1.) The result of activities and processes. 2.) A tangible item acquired for the use in daily operations.

Purchase Order – A document signed by a contracting officer (or designated official) that is addressed to a vendor, requesting the delivery of supplies or equipment or the performance of services. It contains all of the terms and conditions that will govern the delivery or performance.

Purchasing – The act of and the function of responsibility for the acquisition of equipment, materials, supplies, and services. This includes buying, determining the need, selecting the supplier, arriving at a fair and reasonable price, terms and conditions, preparing the contract or purchases order and follow up.

Purview – 1.) The range of operation, activity or concern. 2.) In direct control, assistance, guidance or support of a particular group or function. 3.) That which is provided or enacted in a statute as distinguished from the preamble. 4.) The full scope or compass of a statute or law, or of any document, statement, book, subject, etc.

Recommendation – A technical opinion from a reviewer which is not definitive, quantifiable or tied to an applicable requirement.

Record – A completed document or other media that provides objective evidence of an item, service, or process.

Recovered Materials – Means waste material and by-products which have been recovered or diverted from solid waste, but such terms does not include those materials and by-products generated from and commonly reused within and original manufacturing process. (The same process in which they were generated in are not included.) Examples of recovered materials include manufacturing and forest residues, obsolete finished paper inventories and fibrous by-products of harvesting and woodcutting processes. (42 U.S.C. 6903 (19) ). (see “Manufacturing Wastes”)

Recyclable Product – Is one by which, after its intended end use, can be diverted from the solid waste stream for use as a raw material in the manufacturing of another product.

Recyclability – The ability of a product or material to be recovered from or otherwise diverted from, the solid waste stream for the purpose of recycling.

Recycled Material – A material that can be utilized in place of a raw or virgin material in manufacturing a product and consists of materials derived from post-consumer waste, industrial scrap, material derived from agricultural wastes and other items. All of which can be used in the manufacturing of new products.

Recycling – The series of activities, including collection, separation, and processing, by which products or other materials are recovered from the solid waste stream for use in the form of raw materials in the manufacture of new products other than fuel for producing heat or power by combustion.

Recycled Content/Materials – A material that can be utilized in place of a raw or virgin material in manufacturing a product and consists of materials derived from post-consumer waste, industrial scrap, manufacturing waste, material derived from agricultural waste and other items; all of which can be used in the manufacture of new products. This does not include material or byproducts generated from and commonly reused within an original manufacturing process.

Reprocessed Latex Paint – Used for architectural applications such as wallboard, ceilings, trim, gutter-boards and concrete, stucco, masonry, wood and metal surfaces.

Requirements – Mandatory conditions, stipulations or specifications that must be met during the performance of actions and activities in support of the K-H APP. Requirements are derived from EO13101, RCRA 6002 and the EPA.

Re-refined Oils – Used oils from which the physical and chemical contaminants acquired through previous use have been removed through a refining process.

Restroom Dividers/Partitions – A barrier used to provide privacy in public restroom facilities.

Retread Tires – A worn automobile, truck or other motor vehicle tire whose tread has been replaced. (See definition of “Tire”)

Rockwool Insulation – See definition for “Mineral Fiber Insulation”

Shall – Identifies those elements and requirements that Kaiser-Hill considers mandatory unless prior approval of an alternate approach is obtained from the Policies and Procedures organization.

Should – Is a recommendation that is based on standards and good business practices.

Shower Dividers/Partitions – A waterproof barrier used to provide privacy in public shower facilities.

Sitewide – Where an activity requires the same level of performance or implementation regardless of location or company ownership.

Soaker Hoses – A perforated flexible tubing that is used to deliver gentle irrigation to plants.

Solicitation – An invitation for bid, Request for Proposal (RFP), Request for Quotation (RFQ), Request for Offer (RFO) containing all of the necessary information to enable (sub)contractors to prepare proposals or quotations properly.

Solid Waste - Garbage, refuse, sludges, and other discarded solid materials, including those from industrial, commercial, and agricultural operations, and from community activities. This excludes solids or dissolved materials in domestic sewage or other significant pollutants in water resources, such as silt, dissolved or suspended solids in industrial waste water effluents, dissolved materials in irrigation return flow, etc.

Source Reduction - any practice by which would: (1) reducing the amount of any hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant entering any waste stream or otherwise released into the environment prior to recycling, treatment, or disposal; and (2) reducing the hazards to public health and the environment associated with the release of such substances, pollutants, or contaminants.

Specification – A description of the technical requirements for a material, product, or service that includes the criteria for determining whether these requirements are met. In general, specifications are in the form of written commercial designations, industry standards and other descriptive references.

Spray-In-Place Insulation – Insulation material that is sprayed onto a surface or into cavities and includes cellulose fiber spray-on as well as plastic rigid foam products. Spray-in-place foam is rigid cellular polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam produced by catalyzed chemical reactions that hardens at the site of the work. The term includes spray-applied and injected applications.

Subcontract – Any contract entered into by a subcontractor to furnish supplies or services, to a prime contractor or another subcontractor. It includes all types of commitments including the basic bilateral instrument, awards or notices or award, agreements and task orders issued thereunder; letter subcontracts, and orders, such as purchase orders under which the subcontract becomes effective by written acceptance or performance. Includes subcontract modifications.

Subcontractor – Means any supplier, distributor, vendor, manufacturer or firm that furnishes supplies or services to or for a prime contractor or another subcontractor.

Supplies and Services – All property except land and interest in land, and all types of services including, but not limited to: educational or training services, architectural or engineering services, maintenance or repair services, experimental, developmental or research work, and construction work.

Supplier – Any individual or organization who furnished items or services in accordance with a procurement document. An all-inclusive term used in place of any of the following: vendor, seller, (sub)contractor, fabricator, consultant and their sub-tier levels.

Sustainable Procurement – The process of integrating energy and environmental factors into purchasing decisions. This can include the purchase of recycled content items, environmentally preferable products, including biobased products, energy efficient products and services, and the use of alternative fuels and ozone friendly substances.

Structural Fiberboard - A fibrous-felted, homogenous panel made from lignocellulosic fibers (usually wood, cane or paper) and having a density of less than 31lbs/ft\3\ but more than 10lbs/ft\3\. It is consolidated under heat or pressure as a separate stage of manufacturing. (Also see “Laminated Paperboard”)

Tire – Includes passenger car tires, light and heavy-duty truck tires, high-speed industrial tires, bus tires, and special service tires (including military, agricultural, off the road and slow-speed industrial.)

Training – Instruction designed to develop or improve job performance.

Verification – 1.) Procedures used by procuring agencies to confirm both vendor estimates and certifications of the percentages of recovered material contained in the products supplied to them or to be used in the performance of a contract. (EPA Guidelines). 2.) Confirmation by examination and provision of objective evidence that specified requirements have been fulfilled.

Virgin Material: a mined or harvested raw material to be used in manufacturing.

Waiver – 1.) See “Exemption”. 2.) Documented authorization to depart from specified requirements.

Waste Prevention – also known as “source reduction”, means any change in the design, manufacturing, purchase or use of materials or products, (including packaging) to reduce their amount or toxicity before they become municipal solid waste. Waste prevention also refers to the reuse of products or materials.

Waste Reduction – Preventing or decreasing the amount of waste being generated through waste prevention, recycling or purchasing recycled and environmentally preferable products.

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